The intervertebral joints of the spine can be hypomobile (less mobile) or hypermobile (more mobile). A hypermobile joint with elongated weak ligaments is more vulnerable to disc lesion. Hypermobility leads to impaired nutrition, and then degeneration and softening of the disc. In this case, as the supporting ligaments of the annulus fibrosus are weak, herniation of the disc is inevitable. Hypermobility also leads to injury and tearing of the ligaments, and when there is a prolapsed disc, it takes much longer to heal, as giving support and rest to these joints is difficult.
A hypomobile spine has advantages over hypermobile joints. People with hypomobile spines are stocky and muscular. To have big muscles is not a disadvantage, but when such persons stop exercising, they suddenly become flabby. When exercise is not done, the muscles become poor in tone, and there is a likelihood of getting a mechanical strain.
The regulation of posture is governed largely through sensations emitted through the head. This is facilitated by the vestibule of the internal ear as well as by the nerve endings (called pacinian corpuscles) present in the ligaments of the cervical vertebrae.
An incorrect lifting posture is the reason why we sometimes get vertigo or giddiness due to disturbances in the upper cervical spine. A faulty posture and gravity impede the return of blood to the heart. If a faulty posture is maintained for a long time, blood congestion takes place and difficulty in breathing may be experienced. The central nervous system depends upon the integrity of the spinal column. All the impulses coming and going between the brain, spinal chord and peripheral nerves have to pass through the intervertebral foramen which can be very easily disturbed by a faulty posture, and can, in return, affect part of the nervous system. Certain precautions must be taken to avoid a strain on the spine.
When you want to lift something heavy from the ground or bathe a child, or make the bed, do not stoop; sit and lift the baby for a bath.
Do not twist the body while turning, but rather change the position of your feet and turn. Just bending down and turning to one side is the worst movement you can make.
Do regular back-extension exercises and abdominal exercises to keep up the tone of the muscles.