The two kidneys present in the abdomen, clean the blood of the various harmful metabolic products such as urea, creatinine, and keep a balance of water and other electrolytes in the body.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Cancer of the kidney are:<\/p>\n
1. Hypernephroma
\n2. Wilm’s tumour<\/p>\n
Hypernephroma is found in adults and older age-group people. Wilm’s tumour occurs more often in children.<\/p>\n
Hypernephroma<\/p>\n
Causes<\/p>\n
It is not known. Smokers suffer from kidney cancer five times more than the non-smokers. Some chemicals used in the industry also can cause it. It occurs more often in males, after the age of 50 years.<\/p>\n
Symptoms<\/p>\n
\u00b7 General ill health in the early stages.
\n\u00b7 Loss of weight.
\n\u00b7 Loss of appetite.
\n\u00b7 Blood in urine.
\n\u00b7 Fever of unexplained origin.
\n\u00b7 Pain in the abdomen.<\/p>\n
Diagnosis<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Routine: History taking.
\n\u00b7 Blood: Hb, TLC, DLC, ESR may show no significant change.
\n\u00b7 Urine : Usually shows presence of red blood cells in it. Special: Ultrasound scan of the kidney. CT scan of the kidney. Intravenous pyelogram.
\n\u00b7 Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the kidney and its examination for cancer cells establishes the diagnosis.
\n\u00b7 Additional: Bone scan and lung X-ray and scan, to see if the tumour has spread in these parts.<\/p>\n
Treatment<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Surgery: If the tumour has not spread beyond the kidney, removal of the diseased kidney can cure the patient. The other normal kidney can look after the function of the both.
\n\u00b7 Radiation: If the cancer has spread to bones or other parts, radiation may relieve symptoms.
\n\u00b7 Hormones: In advanced cases of cancer, giving female sex hormone progesterone, or male sex hormone (androgen) may help in reducing the size of the cancer.
\n\u00b7 Chemotherapy: It is not helpful.<\/p>\n
Prognosis<\/p>\n
The outlook is variable. Sometimes spontaneous remissions occur. At other times, the patient may continue living for years.<\/p>\n
Wilm’s Tumour<\/p>\n
It is a cancer of the kidney, occurring more often in children between the ages of 1 to 5 years.<\/p>\n
Causes<\/p>\n
It is not known.<\/p>\n
The children who suffer from this cancer, often have partial or complete absence of the iris of the eye-balls, have abnormalities of the urinary system, i.e. in kidneys, ureters or the bladder.<\/p>\n
Symptoms<\/p>\n
\u00b7 A firm irregular, non-tender lump in the abdomen.
\n\u00b7 Abdominal discomfort.
\n\u00b7 Blood in the urine.
\n\u00b7 Fever.
\n\u00b7 Loss of appetite and weight. Sometimes it is discovered accidentally by the patient. Blood in the urine occurs late in the disease.<\/p>\n
Diagnosis<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Routine: History taking
\n\u00b7 Blood: Hb, TLC, DLC, ESR may show no change.
\n\u00b7 Urine : Presence of red blood cells.
\n\u00b7 Special: Plain X-ray of the abdomen.
\n\u00b7 IVP of the kidneys.
\n\u00b7 Ultrasound of the abdomen.
\n\u00b7 CT scan of the abdomen.
\n\u00b7 Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the kidney, establishes diagnosis.
\n\u00b7 Additional: X-ray chest and bones. CT scan of the chest, liver and suspected bones, to locate the spread of cancer.<\/p>\n
Treatment<\/p>\n
Surgery: It is the treatment of choice for a cancer which is still localized to the kidney. Removal of the involved kidney, provides a cure.<\/p>\n
Radiation: It is usually given after the operation, when it is suspected that the complete removal of the cancer has not been possible.<\/p>\n
Chemotherapy: This treatment is given along with radiation in cancer suspected to have spread around. Actinomycin-D has been given successfully in these cases. Adriamycin and Vincristine have also been used lately with good results. Chemotherapy is started soon after the surgery and is continued on intermittently for a period up to 15 months.<\/p>\n
Prognosis<\/p>\n
The chances of cure are the best in children under 2 years of age, where the cancer is still confined to the kidney. Up to 80 per cent of the patients get cured after chemotherapy treatment.<\/p>\n
Early Detection<\/p>\n
Signs & Symptoms<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Pain in the abdomen.
\n\u00b7 Fever.
\n\u00b7 Loss of weight.
\n\u00b7 Presence of blood in the urine.<\/p>\n
Investigations<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Ultrasound and CT scan of the kidney
\n\u00b7 Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the kidney and its examination.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The two kidneys present in the abdomen, clean the blood of the various harmful metabolic products such as urea, creatinine, and keep a balance of water and other electrolytes in the body.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cancer-treatment"],"yoast_head":"\n