Adenocarcinoma: A cancer starring in glandular tissue.<\/p>\n
Adjuvant therapy: A secondary treatment which usually follows surgery and involves chemotherapy or radiation therapy.<\/p>\n
Adrenalectomy: Removal of adrenal glands.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Adrenal glands: Two triangular endocrin c glands, each of which covers the upper surface of a kidney.<\/p>\n
Aerosol Tiniest: particles of chemical suspended in air or gas inhaled from an inhaler.<\/p>\n
Aflatoxin: A chemical derived from a fungus called Aspergillus, capable of causing liver cancer.<\/p>\n
Alkalating: agents Chemicals that interfere with nucleic acid formation in the cells and thus prevent cells from multiplying, particularly in cases of cancer.<\/p>\n
Amenorrhoea: Loss of normal menstruation.<\/p>\n
Anaemia: Lack of red cells or haemoglobin in the blood.<\/p>\n
Analgesics: Pain-relieving drugs.<\/p>\n
Androgen: A male hormone.<\/p>\n
Anti-metabolites: Anti-cancer drugs which interfere with the metabolism of cancer cells, and do not allow them to multiply.<\/p>\n
Aromatic Amine: A chemical substance derived from petroleum products, said to be capable of causing cancer.<\/p>\n
Ascitic fluid: Fluid that collects in the peritoneum in the abdomen. This may be due to tuberculosis, as well as other diseases including cancer.<\/p>\n
Aspirate Fluid: sucked off with a syringe from anywhere in the body.<\/p>\n
Benign: A term used to describe a tumour or tissue which is not cancerous, and which does not spread.<\/p>\n
Bentu miners: Coal-miners of black race, belonging to a particular tribe in South Africa.<\/p>\n
Benz(a) pyrene: A chemical substance produced after burning of petroleum products. It is said to be capable of producing cancer.<\/p>\n
Bleeding time: Time taken after a slight cut in the skin stops bleeding. Low platelet count increases bleeding time.<\/p>\n
Blood count: The number of red cells, white cells and platelets in a blood sample.<\/p>\n
Bone marrow: Spongy tissue in the middle of bones that makes blood cells.<\/p>\n
Bone marrow transplantation: Taking the bone marrow fluid from a donor and injecting it into the blood of a recepient. This is done in cases of leukaemia after selection of the donor. The bone marrow cells of a proper donor take root in the recipient and start producing new healthy line of blood cells.<\/p>\n
Bronchoscopy Examination: of air passages with a metallic or flexible instrument called a bronchoscope.<\/p>\n
Burkitt’s lympoma: A lymphoma described by a European doctor named Burkitt while he was working in Africa.<\/p>\n
Carcinogen: A substance that can cause or help cause cancer.<\/p>\n
Carcinoma: A cancer that develops from cells called epithelial cells. These cells are present in the skin, lungs, glands, gastro-intestinal tract, and urinary tract. Cancers that develop in these sites are called carcinomas and arc the commonest type of cancer.<\/p>\n
Catecolamines: A special type of protcinous substance secreted by the adrenal glands and similar other cells in the body, which helps in regulating the functions of the body.<\/p>\n
CAT scan: A computerized X-ray system that givesvery dear pictures.<\/p>\n
Cell: The cell is the basic unit of all living things or organisms.<\/p>\n
Cervical smear: Smear made on a glass slide from the surface of the cervix of the uterus.<\/p>\n
Chemotherapy: It is the treatment of cancer by means of drugs.<\/p>\n
Clotting time: Time taken by the blood outside the body to change from a liquid state to a gelatinous one.<\/p>\n
Clubbing: of the finger nails The nails over the fingers and also the toes become curved like the beak of a parrot. The terminal phalanx also becomes swollen and bulbous. This happens in many cases of lung cancer and some other non-cancer diseases also.<\/p>\n
Colicky pain: Severe pain which increases in spasms.<\/p>\n
Colon: It is a part of the large intestine.<\/p>\n
Colonoscopy: The use of a flexible instrument to examine the entire large bowel.<\/p>\n
Cyst: A closed cavity or sac that contains liquid or a semi-solid material.<\/p>\n
Dibenzanthracene: A chemical substance produced after burning of petroleum like products and also incomplete burning of tobacco. It is said to be capable of producing cancer.<\/p>\n
Diethylstilbestrol: A compound of female sex hormone.<\/p>\n
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid: the genetic material inside the nucleus of the cell which controls the cell’s growth, division and function.<\/p>\n
DLC: Different leukocyte count.<\/p>\n
Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine.<\/p>\n
Dysuria: Pain on passing urine.<\/p>\n
Electroencephalogram: Recording as waves, the minute quantity of electricity generated in the brain on its different surfaces.<\/p>\n
Endocrine glands: Glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream; examples are thyroid and pancreas.<\/p>\n
Endoscopy: The use of a hollow instrument to examine the inside of different parts of the body.<\/p>\n
Ependymoma: A cerebral or brain tumour derived from the glial (non-nervous) cells living the cavities of the brain.<\/p>\n
Enzymes Secretions: of the special cells of the body, as for example of gastro-intestinal tract for digestion of food materials.<\/p>\n
Epidedymitis Inflammation: of the epidedymus part of the testes.<\/p>\n
Epidemiology: Study of geographical distribution of disease.<\/p>\n
Epithelium: It is the lining that covers the internal and external surfaces of the body.<\/p>\n
ESR: Erythrocyte (red blood cell) sedimentation rate. These cells in an unclotted blood settle at a particular rate in a particular time say, one hour. Rapid sedimentation rate indicates an inflammatory condition of the body or even a cancer.<\/p>\n
Frozen section: A rapid way of examining a biopsy to see if it contains cancer; the result is available straightaway so that a suitable operation can be planned.<\/p>\n
Gastroenterology clinic: A clinic where diseases of the stomach and intestine are investigated and treated as a speciality.<\/p>\n
Gastroscopy: Use of a flexible lighted instrument, which is swollowed to examine the inside of the stomach and the upper part of the small bowel.<\/p>\n
Genetic: Inherited.<\/p>\n
Gonadotrophin: A hormone normally secreted by the pituitary gland which stimulates the functions of the sex glands.<\/p>\n
Granulocytopaenia: Diminished counts of granulocyte (a type of white cells) in the blood.<\/p>\n
Haematuria: Blood in the urine.<\/p>\n
Hb: Haemoglobin.<\/p>\n
Hepatitis-B virus: A virus transmitted through the blood, causing inflammation of the liver and its consequences.<\/p>\n
Histology: Study of tissues to diagnose disease.<\/p>\n
Hodgkin: An European doctor who first diagnosed and described the lymphoma now called after his name as Hodgkin’s disease.<\/p>\n
Hormone: A chemical substance secreted in the blood from the endocrine or hormonal glands, like insulin from pancreas or adrenaline from adrenal glands.<\/p>\n
Hydrocele: Collection of fluid in the double-lined covering over the testes; the testes looks as if swollen.<\/p>\n
Hypernephroma: A cancer of the kidney occurring in adults.<\/p>\n
Hypertrophy: Increased growth of a tissue or an organ.<\/p>\n
Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus by surgical operation.<\/p>\n
Ileostomy: An artificial opening between the small bowel (ileum) and the abdominal wall so that stool can be collected there in a bag.<\/p>\n
Ileum: Last part of the small intestine in the abdomen.<\/p>\n
Immuno: Surveillance by lymphocytes and other surveillance cells in the blood, which destroy any cell or material which they consider as foreign and detrimental to the survival of the body.<\/p>\n
In situ cancer: The earliest stage of a cancer where it is localized just where it started.<\/p>\n
Laparotomy: An exploratory abdominal operation.<\/p>\n
Laryngectomy: Surgical removal of the larynx.<\/p>\n
Laryngoscopy: Examination of mc larynx usmg a mirror.<\/p>\n
Linear accelerator: A type of radiation therapy machine producing a very high energy radiation.<\/p>\n
Lumber puncture: Puncture of the coverings of the spinal cord in the spinal column in the lumber area to collect a small quantity of cerebrospinal fluid for examination.<\/p>\n
Lymph nodes: Nodules of tissue in the lymph channels that make lymphocytes and filter out unwanted substances.<\/p>\n
Lymphatic system: Circulatory network of lymph-carrying vessels and the lymph nodes.<\/p>\n
Malignant: A tumour which is cancerous and will spread with fatal results if not removed.<\/p>\n
Mastectomy: An operation to surgically remove a breast having cancer.<\/p>\n
Mediastinum: An area in the middle of the chest containing the heart, major blood vessels, etc.<\/p>\n
Medulla: The inner region of any organ or tissue.<\/p>\n
Menopause: Cessation of menstruation.<\/p>\n
Mesothelioma: A type of cancer of the pleura.<\/p>\n
Metastasis: Spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. The new area of cancer is a metastasis or secondary.<\/p>\n
Mid-stream urine specimen: A specimen of urine taken in a sterile container a little after the start of micturition, after having cleaned the local area. This is used for urine culture.<\/p>\n
Morbidity: The symptoms or effects of a disease or its treatment.<\/p>\n
Mortality rate: The death rate.<\/p>\n
Mustard gas: A nervous system toxic gas, from which was derived the first anti-cancer drug, nitrogen mustard.<\/p>\n
Mutation: A permanent change in the genetic material, DNA.<\/p>\n
Narcotics Drugs: which can lead to unconsciousness.<\/p>\n
Nepherectomy Surgical: removal of the kidney.<\/p>\n
Nodule: A small swelling or aggregation of cells.<\/p>\n
Eesophagus: Food pipe.<\/p>\n
Ostomy: An artificial opening between an organ and the surface of the abdominal wall.<\/p>\n
Palliative treatment: Treatment aimed at making a person feel better when cure is not possible.<\/p>\n
Palpate: To feel by hand.<\/p>\n
Pap-smear: A scrapping of cells from the cervix of the uterus for examination under a microscope.<\/p>\n
Pathology: A branch of medicine concerned with the examination of diseased tissues.<\/p>\n
Perfusion: scanning of the lung – Making visible the channels in which the blood flows in the lungs. This is done by injecting into pulmonary circulation a radioactive substance which is then monitored.<\/p>\n
Placebo: An inert substance used in controlled trials to sec if a treatment is better than no treatment at all.<\/p>\n
Platelets: Kind of cells in the blood that help it to dot.<\/p>\n
Polycyclic: aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical substances related to petroleum products and also produced by incomplete burning of tabacco, said to be capable of causing cancer.<\/p>\n
Polyp: A benign outgrowth of tissue.<\/p>\n
Post-menopausal: Events that occur in the body after the cessation of the menstrual cydes, around the age of 45 years in women.<\/p>\n
Primary cancer: A cancer present at the site in which it originated.<\/p>\n
Prevalence: The total number of cases at any one time in a given area.<\/p>\n
Prognosis: A prediction of the likdy course of a disease.<\/p>\n
Prophylactic Treatment: designed to prevent a disease.<\/p>\n
Radical gastrectomy: A surgical operation in which the whole or a part of the stomach, and also the locally draining lymph glands arc removed.<\/p>\n
Radical mastectomy: An extensive surgical operation of the breast which removes some of the muscles of the chest wall also.<\/p>\n
Radioactive substances: Substances that emit X-ray, etc.<\/p>\n
Radioisotope: An atom of a metal having more or less electrons in it, which makes it unstable to exist in that state for long.<\/p>\n
Radiosensitive: A cancer that shrinks or can be eradicated by a dose of radiation that is tolerated by nearby tissues.<\/p>\n
RBC: Red blood cells<\/p>\n
Relapse: The regrowth of a cancer after it has been removed or has responded to treatment.<\/p>\n
Remission: Shrinkage of a tumour.<\/p>\n
Retinoblastoma: A rare malignant tumour of the retina, occurring in infants. A retina in the light sensitive layer that lines the interior of the eye.<\/p>\n
Roentgen: A German doctor who discovered X-rays in 1895.<\/p>\n
Sarcoma: Cancers that develop in the body’s supporting tissues like bone, cartilegc, musde, fat, tendons.<\/p>\n
Solar radiation: Rays from the sun, some of which can cause cancer of the skin.<\/p>\n
Stomatitis: Inflammation or soreness of the mouth.<\/p>\n
Susruta: Ancient (600 BC) Indian surgeon who performed many skillful operations; Susruta Samhita is said to be composed by him.<\/p>\n
Terminal care: Care of the patient when it is more or less certain that he will not survive much longer.<\/p>\n
Tissue: A collection or mass of cells of one kind, such as of muscular tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, etc.<\/p>\n
Thrombocytopeina: A reduction in the number of platelets in the blood.<\/p>\n
TLC: Total leukocyte count.<\/p>\n
Tomogram: X-ray of the chest taken with a special technique so that it shows the sharpest at a particular depth.<\/p>\n
Tumour marker: Biochemical substances produced by the tumour cells and poured in the blood, detection of which can help in diagnosing and following up the progress of the tumour.<\/p>\n
Ultrasound: Sound waves of a frequency which are beyond hearing.<\/p>\n
Urostomy: Artificial opening on the abdominal wall for passing out urine.<\/p>\n
Ventilation: scanning of the lung Making visible the gas-containing parts of the lung. This is done by making the person inhale a radioactive gas, which can be monitored from over the lung.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Adenocarcinoma: A cancer starring in glandular tissue. Adjuvant therapy: A secondary treatment which usually follows surgery and involves chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Adrenalectomy: Removal of adrenal glands.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cancer-treatment"],"yoast_head":"\n