First-Aid: First-Aid for Piles, Retention if Urine, Motion Sickness, Insomnia and Glare in Eyes

□ PILES (HEMORRHOIDS)

These are varicose veins of the rectum. They may be caused by constipation. They feel like little lumps or balls when they prolapse out of the anus during defecation or permanently. They cause bleeding per rectum when passing stools. They are painful when they get thrombosed. When a hemorrhoid begins to bleed, the person develops anemia due to chronic blood loss.

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First-Aid: How to Deliver a Baby?

1. Place the woman in left lateral position until the baby starts delivering. Then she can be allowed to roll on to her back and draw her legs up for bearing down.
2. Keep her covered with blankets until the baby starts delivering.
3. Put a clean cloth under her buttock.
4. Place a clean pad over the anus.
5. Moister her lips with water if she feels thirsty.

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First-Aid: Understanding Emergency of Childbirth

In the cities, most babies are born in hospitals or other institutions where professional help from trained nurses and doctors is available. Even in villages, deliveries are conducted in primary health centers by professionals. However sometimes the women cannot get to a hospital and childbirth may take place at home, or on her way to the hospital in a bus, train, taxi, ambulance, or even unplanned on a plane or ship. The first-aider should be able to conduct this delivery properly so that at the end of it there is a healthy mother and a healthy baby. A first-aider may have to give help when a miscarriage occurs.

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First-Aid: First-Aid for Convulsion, Febrile Convulsions In Young Children, Hysteria, Stroke and Hypoglycemia

□ CONVULSION

It is a condition characterized by repetitive contraction and relaxation of a group of muscles in the body and is caused by disturbance in the function of the brain. Convulsions are usually followed by loss of consciousness. Various causes of convulsions are as follows.

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First-Aid: Ensuring Safe and Quick Transportation

1. The objective of transportation is to enable the victim to reach the destination without deterioration of his condition.

2. Do not move a severely injured or ill person unless there is immediate danger to his life or skilled help is not available. That is because moving a casualty may result in aggravation of his or her injury or condition.

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First-Aid: First Aid for Bee Bite, Wasp Bite, Ticks and Mites Bites

□ BEE AND WASP BITES

Bee and wasps are the most harmful amongst all insects. Their stings have poison in small quantity. Some people could be very sensitive to this poison and develop severe reaction to it. The condition is diagnosed by the following features.

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First-Aid: Dangerous Effects of Temperature

Our body has some in-built mechanisms to help it adapt to changes in the environmental temperature. However when the changes are extreme and last for long durations, the protective mechanisms may fail, and the person may suffer from illness. The following factors increase risk of adverse effects of extremes of temperature change on the human body.

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