A raga is a medium to display the expressive and creative abilities of an artiste. Each raga has its own boundaries and characteristics that give it a typical mood, structure and colour. For instance, ragas like Kadanakutoohalam and Vasanta bring about a cheerful atmosphere, while those like Varali and Ahiri are known to evoke pathos. In terms of scope, Todi and Kalyani can be elaborated endlessly, whereas sublime ragas like Nayaki and Devagandhari need just a few seconds to create a sense of fulfilment in the listener.
There are different ragas for different times of the day, but the Carnatic musician does not go by the clock to decide the raga to be rendered! More importance is given to creating the atmosphere of the raga, irrespective of the physical time. For instance, a raga like Bowlishould be rendered in such a way that it suggests dawn even at dusk. In short, Indian music considers each raga a living entity. The musician tries to portray it in all its simple beauty, or, in its sophisticated splendour, tries to create an ambience in each phrase and note of the raga, and endeavours to share the aesthetic experience with the listeners.
Rhythm : Rhythm (referred to as layam in Sanskrit) is omnipresent. There is rhythm in the movement of heavenly bodies, just as in the life cycles of micro¬organisms. It is only natural that man is endowed with it. When we listen to music, we perceive rhythm. There are those who participate in a concert by tapping their feet or clapping their hands to the beat of the music, and there are several who start dancing to it.
The rhythmic aspects of Carnatic music are among the most highly evolved in the world. The patterns range from the simple to the complex, while the dynamics include the subtle and the striking. Percussion instruments such as mrdangam, tabla and ghatam enjoy worldwide popularity, and exclusive ensembles involving these and similar instruments form a part of many international events.